Lighting Engineering Solutions for the Building & Construction sector
Great construction projects contribute to a country’s prestige and reputation. Some examples are the Eiffel Tower, Golden Gate Bridge, Empire State Building and so on. These are large vertical structures that present a danger to low-altitude air traffic and must therefore be properly marked.
Therefore, the lighting is of the utmost importance.
To ensure that aircrafts pass such structures (skyscrapers, telecommunications towers, bridges, industrial chimneys, construction cranes) in completely safety, obstruction lights must make these structures clearly visible.
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Regulations for obstruction lighting systems in the Building & Construction sector
There is no single regulation that defines the minimum mandatory requirements regarding the design and installation of obstruction lighting systems. The reference guidelines are the international ones developed by the ICAO; however, some countries have opted to draw up their own domestic regulation (the most important of which is the one developed by the FAA for the USA). The applicable regulations therefore depend on where the structures will be installed: skyscrapers, telecommunications towers, industrial chimneys, cranes, etc.
«We help our clients develop their applications all over the world, by supporting them with our expertise. During our 30+ years in business, we have designed systems for all types of regulations, such as those of the ICAO, FAA, ENAC and CAA.»
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As a result of having installed thousands of systems all over the world, we are able to produce a definitive summary concerning the best practices for aircraft warning systems.
Obstruction lighting system configurations for high-rise structures
Annex 14, Volume I (Aerodrome Design and Operations) of the “Convention on International Civil Aviation”, drawn up by the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organisation), contains the rules that define “what” and “how” to provide markings in order to ensure the safety and regularity of air navigation.
The structures to be marked are defined as “aircraft obstacles” and are usually large vertical constructions, such as tall buildings, industrial chimneys, water towers, cooling tower, construction cranes, etc.
Visual marking consists of aircraft warning paint and/or obstruction lights. There is no single layout: the number and type of lights to use is variable and depends on the type of structure, the context in which it is installed and the client’s objectives.
«It is the designer’s responsibility to analyse the project specifications and find the best solution in terms of functionality, cost and regulatory compliance.»
Fundamental rules:
- Structures with a height of 45 m or less must be marked during the night with LIOL-B lights (Low Intensity Obstruction Lights, Type-B) installed at the top.
- The number of lighting levels depends on the height of the structure (H > 45 m).
- The arrangement of the lights (and the quantity) on each level, depends on the shape of the structure and must be such as to allow lights to be seen from every angle in azimuth.
- If the structures to be marked are very big or numerous (e.g. groups of buildings), the final objective of the marking system is to convey the overall outline.
Tall buildings, apartment buildings and skyscrapers are structures that easily exceed 45 metres in height and can therefore pose a risk for air traffic: these structures must be made clearly visible.
How many lights per level?
L and W < 45m | 4 lights must be used (one in each angle) |
45m < W < 90m | 1 additional light must be positioned at the half-way point of the W |
L and W > 90m | The lights must be spaced at intervals not exceeding 45 m |
Chimneys extract flue gas and industrial fumes. They are very large vertical structures – most are taller than 200 metres, such as coal-fired thermal power stations – and for this reason, they must be properly marked so that they are clearly visible, both day and night.